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La Bulaqueña
''La Bulaqueña'', literally "the woman from Bulacan" or "the Bulacan woman", also sometimes referred to as ''Una Bulaqueña'' ("a woman from Bulacan"), is the Spanish title of an 1895 painting by Filipino painter and hero Juan Novicio Luna. Bulacan is a province in the Philippines in Luzon island and its residents are called Bulaqueños, also spelled as ''Bulakenyos'' (''Bulakenyo'' for men and ''Bulakenya'' for women) in the Filipino language. It is a "serene portrait", of a Filipino woman wearing a Maria Clara gown,〔 a traditional Filipino dress that is composed of four pieces, namely the camisa, the ''saya'' (long skirt), the ''panuelo'' (neck cover), and the ''tapis'' (knee-length overskirt). The name of the dress is an eponym to Maria Clara, the mestiza heroine of Filipino hero José Rizal's novel ''Noli Me Tangere''.〔Moreno, Jose "Pitoy". (Costume at the Fin de Siecle - Maria Clara ), Philippine Costume, koleksyon.com〕 The woman's clothing in the painting is the reason why the masterpiece is alternately referred to as ''Maria Clara''. It is one of the few canvases done by Luna illustrating Filipino culture. The painting is displayed at the National Museum of the Philippines.
==Identity of the woman==
Filipino art experts, historians, and researchers have four recommendations on the identity of the woman depicted in Luna's ''La Bulaquena'' despite the absence of photographs. According to E.A. Cruz, a columnist for the Philippine Daily Globe newspaper, the woman in the portrait could be one of the women courted by Luna after losing his wife Maria de la Paz Pardo de Tavera. Luna killed his wife and mother-in-law because of jealousy. The woman could also be a woman courted by Juan Luna's brother, Antonio Luna. Two existing references suggested that it was the daughter of a prominent Filipino family who Luna was not able to marry or, as mentioned earlier, a woman wooed by Luna's brother, Antonio. The two books suggested that the woman was one of the daughters of Doña Mariquita Sabas who lived in 2 Espeleta Street, Binondo, Manila, a place frequented by Luna himself and his brother Antonio for ''tertulia'' gatherings. Doña Sabas had two daughters, namely Dolores nicknamed Loleng and Francisca monickered Paquita. It was Dolores who is believed most likely to be the woman portrayed in Luna's ''La Bulaquena''. However, according to Rosalinda Orosa, the owner of Luna's other painting, the ''Tampuhan'', the woman could be Emiliana Trinidad, Orosa's ancestor and the same woman who was the sitter for Luna's ''Tampuhan'' painting.〔
According to Dr. Asuncion N. Fernando, the woman could be Maria "Iyang" Rodrigo Fernando, Asuncion Fernando's own grandmother who assisted in the cause of the Katipunan. Maria Rodrigo Fernando was the bringer of food and courier of messages to Katipuneros hiding in the fields outside her hometown. Historian Antonio Valeriano noted that the woman in the portrait has similar facial features of the Rodrigos which include the "bushy eyebrows and sad eyes" such as that of Francisco "Soc" Rodrigo. Belen Ponferrada of the Museum of Malacañang conforms with the findings of the research regarding the woman's possible identity.〔Ocampo, Ambeth. (Who was Luna's La Bulaqueña? ), Looking Back, Anvil Publishing, Inc., 11 November 1989〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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